Argumentative writing methods

 First, the argumentation of the three elements:
1, argument: It is the soul of an article, commander, of any article is only one central point, the general argument can be partakers.
Argument should be clear, accurate, summary must not be ambiguous, uncertain. There are four general location of the argument:
① article title as middle of an article as , factual arguments and the theoretical arguments two. the fact that the facts speak for arguments, but arguments by the classical theory of victory. arguments must focus on the central point, which is a basic requirement. selection of examples and arguments, if not consistent, is bound to weaken the power to persuade. as 1999 college entrance essay, free argument and the argument made a mistake, cited Guo Dao Bei
argument refers to a typical representative.
② arguments must be novel. Many of the students in the argumentative writing is inseparable from some old stories, like a relationship between failure and success is written, it seems to leave no Edison invented the light bulb to open a talent for writing non-stress Heidi can not write a similar use of content is not said no, but that you, he, we all use, whose compositions were different?
③ arguments presentation to be concise, brief, and the narrative representation of the different, it only requires presentation related content out and the argument can be.
3, argument: Argumentative Writing is an important part of the content it contains more.
① basic types of arguments: arguments, counterarguments. arguments from a positive discussion, remarking on paper from the negative. We write argumentative generally the main argument.
② level of the basic structure argument: the structure of syllogism.
ask questions (what) r analysis of the problem (why) r to solve the problem (how to do)
namely: Introduction On the conclusion of the argument structure of common
:
a, out of the total type structure b, the control structure c, layer into the structure d, parallel structure, and the middle section of an article
between the sentence and the sentence of a variety of arguments between the flexible use of hierarchy of argumentation will be more active .
③ argument commonly used methods:
a, exemplified by the use of typical examples for the argument to prove the point.
Wu Tiger merits, but give the short story of detail, slightly familiar material to write, not known to be set to write.
b, Yu proof, enhance the image of the argument works.
Yu proof should pay attention to the use of ontology, the similarity of Vehicles . Lu Xun's with a deep impression.
c, comparison argument: This method can enhance the distinct argument, so that readers clearly in favor of what, against what.
college entrance examination this year, an excellent essay entitled the , where a second-act play written content:
Background: A small restaurant, a table, two men sat face to face, they have half a plate in front of the donut.
A: Alas! God! only half of the donut. (A look of frustration)
B: God! really good,bailey UGG boots, there are half a donut. (B look like fun)
article wrote these words in contrast, the pessimistic and optimistic approach to life jump
d, cited law, except other than a quotation, I suggest that the accumulation of a number of students should be more famous in classical poetry, it can strengthen the argument on the one hand strength, on the other hand, it can enrich the content of the article, and enhance the text of the literary discussion.
past two years, did not examine the famous entrance, all to high school students create a misunderstanding, not the accumulation of test is wrong .
Zhejiang, writing in 2000, a candidate has this to say: people so different. Xinshou turned over the words of the Song, to go. Argumentative part of the famous and classical references to the effects of poets who would not say the strike.
proof method also extended argument, the causal argument, we have not elaborate.
Second, the specific logic of argumentative expression.
write argumentative logic must be noted, between paragraphs and paragraphs should be very clear logic, on the one hand have to rely on the expression of a logical statement, on the other hand with the transition from the prominent role of statement logic .
within a discourse between the need for rigorous logic.
strict logical relations must reflect the thinking of the wording.
attention in argumentative ; such as the role of the conjunction, as the saying prominent.
attention should be adept at The students use such words to be good at the beginning of the expression of
statement. In the past the college entrance exam had been loss of one-sided. writing, choose one of them should pay attention to any subject, to the end of this paragraph should pack: Yes, we advocate close to Mexico, who may not be black, but it does not deny 近墨者黑 point of view, we just say that if a person has the ability to self-control, we have a ink is not black also continued to mature. is that, before the college entrance examination candidates are focusing on analyzing the problem, problem-solving abilities of the test. Before 1998, college entrance essay is always around to thinking deep philosophical proposition, like significantly related to a general contact point of view, .
high school students do not like to study politics, is a very common phenomenon, it is very inappropriate. the political class, there are many philosophical and principle will be used writing for us, it will play a rich content of the article, article ideas to deepen the role of Students should be good with some dialectical materialism of some of the problems in reality.
four argumentative writing materials.
entrance, the common material argumentative writing is argumentative, very few propositions composition test. material composition to practical relevance, not easy to guess the title, custody issues, etc. Teachers won the favor of propositions.
argumentative writing materials, moderation is the key. in recent years on the college entrance examination to the candidate does not result in conception too barriers, but in addition to standard conception, there is the novel question, full use of the material given, first of all we have to read material, and then we on this basis, according to the idea of writing an article requires.
1, material type argumentative conception:
① multi-object orientation method
The methods mainly used in the The angle can be written with content, new topics of profound meaning and so on.
example:
have such a material: Xue Tan school in Qin Qing Ou, skill is not entirely green, from that to do it, then speech go, Qinqing Front only, preserves the rural thoroughfare, ask Day Elegy, sonicated trees, Xiangehangyun. Xue Tan is grateful to seek to return, life dare not say go. (a, selected object: Xue Tan, Qin Qing
b, select angle:
Qinqing: Front only, preserves the rural thoroughfare, ask Day Elegy, sonicated trees
c, an extension of conception: see above brackets
completed within several of the above then, students can grasp the situation based on their knowledge to write a.
② seeking the same method of thinking.
This method is often applied to the material or a multi-containing The single is the same material factors.
Example: Read the following materials, summarized in common, to write an argumentative about 600 words.
(1) favorite Pele was asked which one goal, involved are celebrities, some achievements of his career, but they always have in common is the pursuit, not mission accomplished. This is both the material in common, around this topic, we can develop a the center of discussion: Life, the endless struggle stage. (l97-year college entrance essay and the same)
③ divergent thinking method.
for as many materials. shall be by looking for differences between materials determine the arguments center. the same material, if we add another one, probably can not put it as the conception of ②.
(1) (2) Ibid
(3) mid-term exams just finished, Xiao Ming face their own achievements, indifferent to say, The come ? ask you this as a topic to write an argumentative text.
Analysis: The sentence has two words and sometimes determined by the requirements of casual working, and sometimes only on the basis of the essay to the material requirements of the central questions to be writing, which requires candidates to select the right center of the writing.
2, material or argumentative language of < br> The species composition in the requirements generally have two tendencies, one is required generalize from the material point of view, one is asked to materials for topics, leads to the relevant arguments. both in the writing of materials for different, the former should focus on material to start discussions, which can be torn off material, but its for the topic on it.
① types of writing prior to such general ideas:
a, an overview of related materials with the central argument of the content, force Paul and the central argument used is closely related to the content, language refined.
b, the central argument put forward or raise the scope of discussion.
c, back to the commentary material or cited the fact that theoretical arguments proving the point. back to the assessment is based on the material outlined analysis of materials, specifically how or why come to this point of view will come to a point of view. quoted on the arguments to demonstrate that the proof of facts or theory.
d, contact the reality The reality show writing this article was proposed strategy to solve a problem, so the purpose of writing, relevance to the fore.
e, pack the full text of repeat material.
there are many excellent texts texts can be used as an example of written material or discussion . We give do the various components of accurate and comprehensive re-reading and understanding, which in accordance with the requirements to the letter writing. in moderation when there are two main trial: First, review questions and materials, the second is to examine the requirements and precautions. in writing , should first read all the written material between the two, read one, read the following, and then writing from refining or crawl title, content, materials, define the scope of writing, develop their own writing ideas. In examining the topic on to the next some time, must not be hasty in order to save time browsing, superficial understanding to write, so there will be mistakes should not have.
Looking in the examination of the composition of today's proposition is simply that several situations: First, thesis writing; first half thesis writing; first material composition; one topic composition; first material plus topic composition; is material added proposition, semi thesis writing. Either way, as long as we do when the trial of moderation clear connotation and extension of the subject , review the requirements clear title, review the main points of clear writing, can the topics to write articles. thesis writing is the writing used in Niandai visit the most ancient kind. In general, it is not only proposition, but also provides style (because it is about arguments, style Bu dwell), due to many restrictions, these writers little space for free play, a little careless, there is There are three types, namely the words for the topic. kind of moderation is relatively simple, as long as the meaning of the word serious scrutiny, not sloppy there would be no big problem. such as , write an argumentative. This requires a clear understanding of can discuss what as orange, trifoliate orange was born in Huaibei, ; important for the environment.
Second, the title phrase. on such topics, we should first analyze the structure of the type between them, what is the relationship clearly identify the focus of writing. The second is to seize the phrase the key words. If it is parallel relationship, we must figure out a tie all the elements contained in the phrase can not be omitted, such as and Climate. discretion to do. such as should also seriously consider the full attention Caixing.
[Cheats 2] half-Proposition argumentative way of moderation
half of thesis writing is the essay topic is not complete, it is between the thesis writing and composition from the proposition to be way between subjects. because it's subject is incomplete, which requires the basis of known content and subject of their choice will be added complete, to make it into thesis writing and thesis writing, like writing, like writing on it.
complement the process of the subject, in fact, clear meaning of the questions the trial, a clear center, established the process of writing content. in the supplementary questions, we must To avoid weaknesses, to choose their own deepest feelings of a point to write. In additional, the subject not too long, space, pay attention to the link with the subject before and after the prompt.
half moderation thesis writing, we can do the following two aspects point of the article. One grasp not the same. By analyzing these words in the title of the position, role, meaning and relationship, you can quickly review a topic. will be able to grasp the article discusses the key, selecting the right point of writing to expand the argument. such as writing, love literature, love reading, love sports, love music, love travel, love, teachers, brothers and sisters, and love. Writing this paper should fill out a favorite object, and then methodically explained the reasons for love. But we must pay attention to the reasons sufficient, otherwise it would not explain the problem. Also note that the text title of the word relationship. We added a full title, the must be clear to add the full title of the various parts of the relationship between the clear relationship, you can according to their relationship and quickly examine the topic. This moderation approach and the whole proposition of moderation methods are basically the same. If pruning and We added the Based on the microscopic attention to identify the meaning of which, grasp the writing center. such as closely the content of the article to write, to highlight the center, reflects the meaning of the questions.
[Cheats 3] to the material argumentative way of moderation to the material composition
proposition middle school writing is another form. the topic and who to provide students with certain material, ask students based on their analysis of the material, understanding, melting, refining, and thus expand the imagination, according to requirements of writing. One of the features this type of exercise is to investigate the comprehensiveness of student ability, because it requires Candidates see, hear, write with, easy to read comprehensive survey of students (the pictures and listening), comprehension, analysis, synthesis, induction and writing skills. to the material composition are generally three forms: plain text material composition, composition, and Figure listening to music composition.
composition according to written material. Such kinds of questions provided by the text materials, require students to read the writing on the basis of written material, and some require both material and according to another according to the subject of writing, some require candidates to their propositions according to the material composition. moderation is important that the time to do the following:
First, we must accurately grasp the main points of the article. For the materials provided, to many times and in particular the classical material, in translation read more on the basis of correct reading when the important words can be sketched; reading material to a careful analysis of key points and the segment, the characters of the main spirit and character, the main significance of the event, speech's main point and so on. Next, or the material composition of the material re-focus, or according to the material elements of its practical significance or symbolic meaning, combined with their knowledge and life experience, other organizations, argumentative writing materials, and to develop appropriate writing topics.
material under the picture composition. this type of exercise is the picture provided to the candidates: either single map, or with two or more correlation map, read map requires composition expressed in the mean and composition. writing a brief description of the screen when based on the emphasis on the phenomenon of the screen to judge the performance. Fujian examine the picture, form is discussed based on a piece of music to play on the feelings you hear, it is the text of a hearing into the process. The material composition of the more difficult. First, we should have some understanding of music and ability to comprehend, and second, to is rich in imagination. in recent years in the test compositions, such propositions have not yet adopted the materials.
Please read the following material carefully examine the topic. Self-topic, write an argumentative.
1991, the Nanjing Military Region Fuzhou General Hospital, Chen Xinmin, director of pediatrics physicians to go abroad to attend the Third International Symposium on Pediatric Cardiology. His thesis award. from fifty-four countries, more than a thousand experts, professors waiting for him at the venue for academic reports. Chen Xinmin found meeting the national flag flying in the lobby, and did not flag. He immediately proposed to the organizers solemnly: from the Chinese national flag, Chen Xinmin enthusiastically left in the shadow under the flag, before proudly into the hall.
[Cheats 4] topic argumentative topic of moderation method
evolution essay writing comes from the material, it has own face, but also has its own characteristics. First, the scope of writing tend to open. topic composition often provides a pretext, a range of writers from thence to external radiation, which has written an open mind and a rich content of the article and so on. Second, the topic of writing to encourage innovation. Because there is a huge topic of creative writing space, a great innovation. Third, to facilitate writing of individuality. topic composition of the writing can be detonated desire to write, in the conception , selection, and so on more favorable terms to play a character.
topic composition has a single topic and composite topic two. on a single topic of moderation, we must first understand the clear meaning of the topic. such as topic, we must be clear, even be a kind of spiritual retreat. If the the writing of the for the topic, it is clear to distinguish the clear writing requirements. now topic composition of the study, more than a Note Caixing.
read the following material composition required.
chess careless to realize Jiaobingbibai truth; to excessive watering of jasmine to understand the objective laws of dry matter according to the truth ; holding cooking recipes fried paste, and realize that the the mother of the reason the size of hh living things, all for the best Yun Li, as long as there is a sharp mind, you can recognize the truth in life.
with the real life, subjects self, argumentative about 600 words.
how purposive
referring to the thrust of the article. intended mainly to air, supplemented to the Collected Chapters whom Samurai. discussion of the Qing Dynasty scholar Wang Fu-chih was even more brilliant, and he said: problem.
the process of writing and shows that the core of the article is the performance of the theme, set point, select materials, is the choice of materials, layout, arrangement, or the establishment of expression and language arts style, no not determined by the conception.
an excellent article, it's purpose should be concentrated, profound, innovative is in fact a direct point to understand the topic, such as We can use the following two methods appropriate:
one to highlight the center of Seeing the Act. so-called one side of the nature of the problem as a breakthrough. of the selected deeper subject. small and start to reveal the profound social themes.
writing especially leading cadres, bribery, corruption and overspending in recent years, corruption has been investigated, often found in cases sentenced newspaper the Independent can not be ignored, the party and the government has taken appropriate measures to punish corrupt elements and so on. In fact, On the Independent, the significance of the measures so clean. The conception of propositions from the perspective of the ruling party talk, write, Therefore, the party and the government must crack down on corruption and crime, to strengthen legislation and advocacy to prevent the corruption continue to breed and spread. Basic quality (quality), party members and cadres should take the lead law-abiding, serve well for the people. literature we are all unique contrarian, so impressive works of conception, the article always new. as the Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi a sigh of fall against the ancients Sentimental feelings, wrote the uplifting, inspiring masterpiece of Ode to Autumn dusk In fact, if the use in writing good contrarian, then the article will generate new thinking and ideas, receive unexpected results.
[Cheats 2] conception of propositions derived type extended-type argumentation method
writing, to the help of divergent thinking, the extended type of argumentative conception, but also with divergent thinking. we shall say simply this method is called On the surface, ; fuzziness approach to conception, to an old story, to give new conception, so as to achieve new objectives. we take only the familiar , the three boys were divided into three ways of water transport, transport by way of transfer of water, who would also work, who can rest, and work more efficient; the other candidates to think from a management point of view, the introduction of the competition, who pick the water more than a good meal at noon who, mobilized the enthusiasm of the three monks; the third candidate from the angle of technological innovation, three boys use of local resources of bamboo, the bamboo fight link up empty, one of the top shelf in the spring, one received a monastery, one of three monks, carrying water, one of the pour, one of the rest, turns dry, who is not tired, but also saves the road of fatigue, but also improve efficiency.
can come from many angles conception to reality. such as point of its Zhifarushan mm in the post, as merit in the former; the pieces from the perspective of the struggle for Shuwei mm One hour, all bets are off.
[Cheats 3] The intention of refuting proposition method type-type arguments refuting
Criticizing methods split the text argument, refuting the argument, refuting arguments refuting the three methods. in the purposive approach split the paper, we can be considered from three aspects.
First, look at each other's arguments. If we find each other at a glance point error, you can directly refute each other's arguments, our conception to the argument from the other reverse. Let us call this method as In refuting the process, his argument does not speak for themselves. You can also use the wrong point of view. This conception is the conception of the forward development of a deeper, more conducive to imaginative thought to play, easier to write a novel conception, the article subject to profound.
The second is purposive arguments against each other . as long as the other side of the argument down to the ground on it, which would be specifically looking for the other arguments of the problems. This conception of the method can be called